当代冲突中地下基础设施的运用【TRADOC】

Use of Subterranean Infrastructure in Contemporary ConflictsDorsel D.Boyer II,Intelligence Analyst,TRADOC G-2Ongoing conflicts show how subterranean infrastructure is capable of delaying enemy forces and allowing tenacious defense of urban areas,while during offensive operations it provides avenues for attacking forces to mask their movements and gain tactical advantage.1 Army Techniques Publication(ATP)3-21.51,Subterranean Operations,defines subterranean infrastructure as any space or structure located below ground.The ATP identifies three broad categories of subterranean infrastructure:1)tunnels,caves,and natural cavities;2)urban subsurface systems;and 3)underground facilities(see Figure 1).2 ATP 3-21.51 notes that each category of subterranean infrastructure presents unique challenges to military operations,further explaining that systems intended for one purpose,such as command and control,may be repurposed for another purpose,such as storage or for use as a fighting position.3 The ongoing Russia-Ukraine and Israel-Hamas conflicts provide instructive examples of the unique challenges posed to forces operating in the subterranean environment,including the use of each category of