SIPRIY年鉴2025 第十二章 人工智能与国际和平与安全（试读）

SIPRI Yearbook 2025:Armaments,Disarmament and International Securitywww.sipriyearbook.org12.Artificial intelligence and internationalpeace and securityjules palayer and laura bruunI.IntroductionFor the past decade the international policy conversation on military uses of artificial intelligence(AI)has mostly focused on autonomous weapon systems(AWS),commonly characterized as weapon systems that,once activated,can select and engage targets without human intervention.1 However,since 2023 the conversation has expanded to other military uses of AI,such as in targeting,planning and intelligence analysis,which are commonly referred to as AIenabled decision support systems.2 Reported uses of AI in current armed conflicts,especially in Gaza and Ukraine,have illustrated that the issue of military AI is a pressing matter for policy makers.3 Civilian AI developments can also pose risks to peace and security.4 For example,some AI models could help malicious actors to access critical knowledge to develop and use prohibited weapons(i.e.chemical,biological,radiological and nuclear weapons).5 In the same vein,AI provides a capability uplift and lowers the barrier for cybercriminal and hackers to c