美国亟需构建基于韧性的全面防御战略【Brookings】

Executive summaryThe United States faces a moment of profound vulnerability,but also opportunity.The2024 revelation that Chinas Volt Typhoon hacking group had infiltrated U.S.criticalinfrastructure exposed a quiet but comprehensive threat:the ability of adversaries todisable the nations core systemsenergy,water,telecommunications,logistics,andemergency responsewithout firing a shot.Using stealthy cyber techniques,VoltTyphoon and related Chinese,Russian,and Iranian operations represent a new form ofwarfare that blurs the line between peace and conflict.Americas adversaries arewaging long-term campaigns aimed at paralyzing national systems before openhostilities ever begin.This is a glimpse of modern warfare:quiet,asymmetric,and already underway.Afterdecades when major conflict seemed confined to foreign theaters or counterterrorismoperations,.The United States should respond forcefully butdefensively by adopting a whole-of-society strategy of resilience.Allies such asFinland,Sweden,and Poland have shown that comprehensive defense,engagingevery sector and citizen,can build unity and practical readiness without militarization.The United States must adapt these lessons to its own scale