脆弱防线：2025年6月以色列-伊朗战争中的空中与导弹防御【FPRI】

Shallow Ramparts:Air and Missile Defenses in the June 2025 Israel-Iran WarSam LairIntroductionThere are two remarkable stories about defenses during the war between Israel and Iran in June 2025.One is the failure of Irans much-discussed air defense system;the other,the success of the Israeli missile defense system.This chapter begins with the poor Iranian performance before turning to the Israeli defensive efforts.Ultimately,the war underscored how fragile Irans air defenses were,how key air superiority was to Israeli strategy,and how strained the Israeli air and missile defense system was despite its impressive performance.The June 2025 war illustrates the difficulty of air and missile defense in modern high-intensity conflict,demonstrating challenges facing defenders and strategies for the offense.Irans Air DefensesThe failure of Irans air defense system during the June 2025 war with Israel was surprising to many observers.After only a few days of fighting the Israeli Air Force claimed to have established“full aerial superiority”over Iran and destroyed 120 Iranian transporter erector launchers(TELs).1 This outcome was in spite of the Iranian militarys pursuit over the past two de