无人机饱和： 俄罗斯的沙赫德运动

Russia is using a punishment strategy to force Kyiv into negotiations designed to end the war and hamper Ukrainian sovereignty for the next generation.This approach increasingly relies on a single weapon:the Shahed drone.Originally imported from Iran but now mass produced in Russia using a mix of smuggled Western electronics and important Chinese parts,these low-cost attack drones cause millions of Ukrai-nians to wake up to the sound of air raid sirens every night.This terror campaign has lasted longer than the infamous Blitz aerial bombing of London during World War II and shows no signs of letting up.The intensive use of these low-cost drones highlights the need to help Ukraine discover additional low-cost counter-measures that limit the ability of Russias punishment cam-paign.Specifically,European states and U.S.firms should work together to test new approaches to air defense that build on Ukrainian wartime innovations(e.g.,acoustic sensors,an integrated air defense network,and improvised surface-to-air missiles)and emerging approaches that use electronic war-fare and even high-energy lasers.Second,the U.S.military should catalogue these efforts and use them to accelerate its ow