SIPRI 斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所 2025 年年鉴 世界核力量章节试阅

SIPRI Yearbook 2025:Armaments,Disarmament and International Securitywww.sipriyearbook.org6.World nuclear forceshans m.kristensen and matt korda*I.IntroductionThe nine nuclear-armed statesthe United States,the Russian Federation,the United Kingdom,France,China,India,Pakistan,the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea(DPRK or North Korea)and Israelcontinued to modern-ize their nuclear arsenals in 2024 and some deployed new nuclear-armed or nuclear-capable weapon systems during the year.Of the total global inventory of an estimated 12 241 warheads in Janu-ary 2025,about 9614 were in military stockpiles and available for poten tial useroughly 29 more than the previous year(see table 6A.1 in appendix6A).An esti mated 3912 of those warheads were deployed with missiles and air-craftaround the same number as in January 2024and the rest were in central storage.Approximately 2100 of the deployed warheads were kept in a state of high oper ational alert on ballistic missiles.Nearly all of these war-heads belonged to Russia or the USA.France,the UK and possibly China are thought to have small numbers of warheads on high operational alert.Overall,the number of nuclear warheads in the world continu