SIPRI 斯德哥尔摩国际和平研究所 2025 年年鉴 人工智能与国际和平安全章节试阅

SIPRI Yearbook 2025:Armaments,Disarmament and International Securitywww.sipriyearbook.org12.Artificial intelligence and international peace and security jules palayer and laura brunnI.IntroductionFor the past decade the international policy conversation on military uses of artificial intelligence(AI)has mostly focused on autonomous weapons systems(AWS),commonly characterized as weapon systems that,once activated,can select and engage targets without human intervention.1 However,since 2023 the conversation has expanded to other military uses of AI,such as in targeting,planning and intelligence analysis,which are commonly referred to as AIenabled decision support systems.2 Reported uses of AI in current armed conflicts,especially in Gaza and Ukraine,have illustrated that the issue of military AI is a pressing matter for policy makers.3 Civilian AI developments can also pose risks to peace and security.4 For example,some AI models could help malicious actors to access critical knowledge to develop and use prohibited weapons(i.e.chemical,biological,radiological and nuclear weapons).5 In the same vein,AI provides a capability uplift and lowers the barrier for cybercriminal and hackers t