[20030203]RS20995_印度和巴基斯坦：美国经济制裁.pdf

Congressional Research Service The Library of CongressCRS Report for CongressReceived through the CRS WebOrder Code RS20995Updated February 3, 2003India and Pakistan: U.S. Economic Sanctionsnae redactedSpecialist in Foreign Policy LegislationForeign Affairs, Defense, and Trade DivisionSummaryIn 1998, India and Pakistan each conducted tests of nuclear explosive devices,drawing world condemnation. The United States and a number of Indias and Pakistansmajor trading partners imposed economic sanctions in response. Most U.S. economicsanctions were lifted or eased within a few months of their imposition, however, andCongress gave the President the authority to remove all remaining restrictions in 1999.The sanctions were lifted incrementally. President Bush issued a finaldetermination on September 22, 2001, to remove the remaining restrictions, finding thatdenying export licenses and assistance was not in the national security interests of theUnited States.Today, four Indian and 20 Pakistani entities (and their subsidiaries) remain on theCommerce Departments list of entities for which export licenses are required. Bycomparison, restricted entities numbered in the hundreds in the wake of t