[20041213]RS21779_农产品计划：直接支付、反周期支付和营销贷款.pdf

1 For more information about the history of federal farm income support programs, see CRSReport 96-900, Farm Commodity Legislation: Chronology, 1933-2002.Congressional Research Service The Library of CongressCRS Report for CongressReceived through the CRS WebOrder Code RS21779Updated December 13, 2004Farm Commodity Programs: Direct Payments, Counter-Cyclical Payments, and Marketing LoansJim MonkeAnalyst in Agricultural PolicyResources, Science, and Industry DivisionSummaryFederal law has authorized farm income and commodity price support programsfor over 70 years. The 2002 farm bill (P.L. 107-171) authorizes the current programsfor the 2002-2007 crop years. The payment framework combines direct payments of the1996 farm bill (P.L. 104-127) with counter-cyclical payments of prior laws. Subsidiescontinue for wheat, feed grains, upland cotton, and rice, and soybeans and peanuts areadded to the list of major crops. Dry peas, lentils, and chickpeas were added to the loanprogram, and wool, mohair, and honey were reinstated. The law continues to allowplanting flexibility and does not require acreage reduction.Payments for each crop year can be spread out for up to 23 months. TheCongression