[20141113]IF00028_20岁的世界贸易组织.pdf

November 13, 2014 The World Trade Organization at 20 Overview The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established on January 1, 1995, following the ratification of the Uruguay Round Agreements (URA). It succeeded the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which was created in 1947 as a part of the post-WWII effort to build a stable, open international economic framework. The WTO undertakes three basic functions: (1) administers existing agreements; (2) serves as a negotiating forum for new trade liberalization; and (3) provides a mechanism to settle trade disputes among the parties. WTO agreements cover goods, services and agricultural trade, remove tariff and nontariff barriers, and establish disciplines on government practices that directly relate to tradefor example, trade remedies, technical barriers to trade, customs valuation, intellectual property rights, and government procurement. The WTO agreements are based on the principles of nondiscrimination, national treatment among countries, and transparency of trade rules and regulations. Some exceptions, however, such as preferential treatment for developing countries and regional and bilateral free trade agreements (RTA