[20170111]IF10217_联邦努力控制入侵动植物物种.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated January 11, 2017Federal Efforts to Control Invasive Plant and Animal SpeciesAn “invasive” species (also known as an alien, exotic, injurious, introduced or naturalized, non-native, nonindigenous, nuisance, or noxious species) refers to an animal or plant that is introduced into an environment where it is not native. Of particular concern are non-native animal and plant species that have caused or seem likely to cause substantial economic or ecological harm. However, not all non-native species are invasive or harmful. The introduction of invasive species to the United States from around the globewhether deliberate or unintentionalcan pose threats to native animal and plant communities and may result in extinctions of native species, ecosystem disruptions as native and non-native species compete for limited resources, reduced biodiversity, and altered terrestrial or aquatic habitats. Invasive species may also introduce new pests and diseases. An estimated 50,000 non-native invasive animal and plant species have been introduced to the United States, resulting in economic costs estimated at more than $100 billion annually. Various invasive specie