[20191230]IF11398_竞选融资法：政治竞选广告的披露和免责要求.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov December 30, 2019Campaign Finance Law: Disclosure and Disclaimer Requirements for Political Campaign AdvertisingFederal campaign finance law sets forth disclosure and disclaimer requirements for certain types of political campaign advertisements. The term disclosure refers to periodic reporting to the Federal Election Commission (FEC) of funds received and spent, and the term disclaimer refers to an attribution statement that appears on a campaign-related communication. Generally, the Supreme Court has upheld the constitutionality of such requirements, determining that they serve the governmental interests of informing the electorate, deterring corruption or its appearance, and facilitating enforcement of the law. This In Focus surveys current law establishing disclosure and disclaimer requirements and discusses pertinent constitutional considerations for legislation, should Congress decide to enhance or modify such requirements. Disclosure Requirements Under the Federal Election Campaign Act (FECA), political committees, which include candidate committees and political action committees (PACs), must register with the FEC and comply with disclosure r