[20200616]IF11578_CO2地下注入规定：提高采收率和地质封存的选定差异.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov June 16, 2020CO2 Underground Injection Regulations: Selected Differences for Enhanced Oil Recovery and Geologic SequestrationUnderground injection and storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) has been proposed as a solution for mitigating CO2 emissions into the atmosphere from stationary sources burning fossil fuels. In this process, CO2 is compressed into a fluid (supercritical) state and injected underground for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) or for geologic sequestration (GS). Both operations use wells to place CO2 into deep subsurface geologic formations, but they are regulated differently both by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and states. Recent discussions in Congress regarding underground carbon storage, including debate about tax credits for geologic sequestration and EOR CO2 injection, have raised interest in the similarities and differences between these operations and associated regulations. Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) EOR is a process used in the oil industry since the 1970s whereby certain fluids are injected underground to increase production from partially depleted oil reservoirs. CO2 has become the most common injection fluid used