[20211227]IF12006_北极国家野生动物保护区：油气项目现状.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov December 27, 2021Arctic National Wildlife Refuge: Status of Oil and Gas ProgramThe Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR or the Refuge) comprises 19 million acres in northeast Alaska, administered primarily by the Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) in the Department of the Interior. ANWRs Coastal Plaina 1.57-million-acre area in the northern part of the Refuge (Figure 1)is viewed as an onshore oil prospect, with a mean estimate by the U.S. Geological Survey of 7.7 billion barrels of technically recoverable oil on federal lands (10.4 billion barrels including Alaska Native lands and adjacent waters). The Refuge also is a center of activity for caribou and other wildlife, with subsistence use by Alaska Natives and critical habitat for polar bears under the Endangered Species Act (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531-1544). P.L. 115-97 established a program for oil and gas leasing in ANWRs Coastal Plain. The laws 2017 enactment marked a turning point in decades of congressional debate over energy development in the Refuge. Prior to enactment of the law, Section 1003 of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act of 1980 (ANILCA; P.L. 96-487) had prohibited oil and