[19981229]95-839_社会保障：智利的例子.pdf

Congressional Research Servic e The Library of CongressCRS Report for Congress95-839 EPWUpdated December 29, 1998Social Security: The Chilean ExampleGeoffrey KollmannSpecialist in Social LegislationEducation and Public Welfare DivisionSummaryIn 1981, Chile changed its state-run Social Security system in favor of mandatoryindividual private accounts. As Social Security programs in the United States and othercountries increasingly experience long-range financing problems, interest has grown inthe Chilean system, and some analysts have recommended it as a model for reforming theU.S. Social Security program. This report describes Chiles new Social Security systemand presents arguments that support or oppose using a similar approach in this country.It will be updated periodically. (For a discussion of other proposals to privatize the U.S.system, see: CRS Report 96-504, Ideas for Privatizing Social Security, by David Koitz.)Foremost among arguments for adopting the Chilean system are that by placing theresponsibility and reward on the individual rather than the State, a privatized systemwould: reduce future demands on the government for financing the predicted high levelof costs associat