[19990712]RS20163_汽油中的硫与第106届国会.pdf

Congressional Research Service The Library of CongressCRS Report for CongressReceived through the CRS WebOrder Code RS20163Updated July 12 , 1999Sulfur in GasolineStephen ThompsonSpecialist in TransportationResources, Science, and Industry DivisionJames E. McCarthySpecialist in Environmental PolicyResources, Science, and Industry DivisionSummaryPresident Clinton announced the proposal of so-called Tier 2 emission standardsfor cars and light trucks under the Clean Air Act on May 1, 1999. If fully implementedin 2009, the standards would reduce nitrogen oxide emissions 77-95% below currentTier 1 standards. Included in the proposal were requirements that the averageconcentration of sulfur in gasoline be lowered more than 90%, to 30 parts per million,by 2004. Sulfur in gasoline reduces the effectiveness of catalytic converters and on-board diagnostic equipment in vehicles, thus increasing tailpipe emissions that adverselyaffect human health and the environment.Auto manufacturers and most states support setting strict national limits on sulfur,while petroleum refiners seek less stringent and more localized limits. Bills introducedduring the 106 Congress (S. 171 and H.R. 888) would provid