[20000327]98-159F_毒品生产国和贩运国的麻醉品认证：问题和答案.pdf

Congressional Research Service The Library of CongressCRS Report for CongressReceived through the CRS WebOrder Code 98-159 FUpdated March 27, 2000Narcotics Certification of Drug Producing andTrafficking Nations: Questions and AnswersRaphael F. PerlSpecialist in International AffairsForeign Affairs, Defense, and Trade DivisionSummaryAn important element of U.S. international narcotics control strategy involves thethreat of, or application of, sanctions against major illicit drug producing or traffickingnations. These range from suspension of U.S. foreign assistance and preferential tradebenefits to curtailment of air transportation. Sections 489 and 490 of the ForeignAssistance Act of 1961, as amended, require the President to submit to Congress byMarch 1 each year a list of major illicit drug producing and transiting countries that hehas certified as fully cooperative and therefore fully eligible to receive U.S. foreign aid,without discretionary imposition of any concomitant economic and trade sanctions. Thissets in motion a 30-calendar-day review process in which Congress can disapprove thePresidents certification and stop U.S. foreign aid and other benefits from going tospecific