[20040220]95-712E_移民：美国农民外来务工计划的劳动力市场效应.pdf

Congressional Research Service The Library of CongressCRS Report for CongressReceived through the CRS WebOrder Code 95-712 EUpdated February 20, 2004Immigration: The Labor Market Effects of aGuest Worker Program for U.S. FarmersLinda LevineSpecialist in Labor EconomicsDomestic Social Policy DivisionSummaryTemporary alien worker programs are meant to assure employers, includinggrowers, of an adequate supply of labor when and where it is needed without addingpermanent residents to the U.S. population. Guest worker programs are not supposedto harm the wage and job opportunities of U.S. workers while they alleviate spot laborshortages. President Bushs proposal of a broad guest worker program has reignitedinterest in legislation introduced during the 108th Congress that relates specifically to theagricultural industry. According to the few economic analyses available concerning theBracero program the largest, longest-lived guest worker program for U.S. growers it appears to have fulfilled its purpose of expanding the farm labor supply. But, thelower labor costs of bracero-using farmers seemingly came at the expense of U.S.workers. If a new guest worker program for the agricultural indus