[20140328]IF00016_美国与欧盟贸易谈判中的地理标志.pdf

March 28, 2014 Geographical Indications in U.S.-EU Trade Negotiations What are GIs? Geographical indications (GIs) are geographical names that act to protect the quality and reputation of a distinctive product originating in a certain region. The term is most often, although not exclusively, applied to wines, spirits, and agricultural products. Some food producers benefit from the use of GIs by giving certain foods recognition for their distinctiveness, differentiating them from other foods in the marketplace. In this manner, GIs can be commercially valuable. As intellectual property, GIs may also be eligible for relief from acts of infringement or unfair competition. The use of GIs might also protect consumers from deceptive or misleading labels. Examples of GIs include Parmesan cheese and Parma ham from the Parma region of Italy, Tuscan olive oil, Roquefort cheese, Champagne from the region of the same name in France, and Irish whiskey. Other examples are Darjeeling tea, Ceylon tea, Florida oranges, Idaho potatoes, Vidalia onions, Washington State apples, and Napa Valley wines. Why are GIs a U.S. Policy Concern? Ongoing trade negotiations between the United States and the Europe