[20150223]IN10234_非裔美国法官人数创历史新高；问题是否仍然存在？.pdf

CRS InsightsNumber of African American Judges Reaches All-Time High; Do Issues Remain?Barry J. McMillion, Analyst on the Federal Judiciary (bmcmillioncrs.loc.gov, 7-6025)February 23, 2015 (IN10234)This CRS Insight provides historical and statistical information related to the appointment of AfricanAmericans as U.S. circuit and district court judges. Such information addresses ongoing congressionalinterest in the demographic characteristics of lower federal court judges. Previous CRS analysisexamines other racial groups and additional demographic characteristics, such as gender.The first African American to be appointed to a lower federal judgeship authorized by Article III of theU.S. Constitution was William H. Hastie, appointed by President Truman in 1949 to the U.S. Court ofAppeals for the Third Circuit (comprised of Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and the U.S. VirginIslands). Judge Hastie initially received a recess appointment from President Truman, but was laterconfirmed by the Senate in 1950. The first African American to serve as a U.S. district court judge wasJames B. Parsons, appointed by President Kennedy in 1961 to the U.S. District Court for the NorthernDistrict of