[20180118]IF10812_金融改革：托管银行和补充杠杆比率 .pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov January 18, 2018Financial Reform: Custody Banks and the Supplementary Leverage Ratio What Do Custody Banks Do? Custody banks engage in the safekeeping and servicing of assets owned by others. Custody banks may also perform services such as the settlement, holding, and reporting of customers marketable securities and cash. Customers are often asset managers, mutual funds, retirement plans, insurance companies, corporations, endowments, other banks and financial entities, or large private investors. The other unique feature of custody banks is that they often act similarly to escrow in financial transactions, holding onto assets or collateral for the parties to a financial transactionsuch as a derivatives trade or a “securities lending” tradeuntil the trade is finalized and the rightful owner of the asset or collateral collects it. Custody banks do not have a special charter, but are ordinary banks that engage in custody activities. The custody services industry is highly concentrated. According to one study, as of the end of the first quarter of 2017, the four largest custody banks were Bank of New York Mellon, State Street, J.P. Morgan, and Citigroup