[20180711]IN10927_针锋相对的关税措施与美国贸易政策.pdf

CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress INSIGHTINSIGHTi i Tit-for-Tat Tariff Measures and U.S. Trade Policy -na-e redacted- Section Research Manager July 11, 2018 U.S. trade policy under President Trump has involved greater use of trade laws to address imports that threaten to impair U.S. national security (Section 232), and trade practices that may violate trade agreements or are “unjustifiable” or “unreasonable” (Section 301). Congress has held several hearings on controversial presidential actions under these laws, raising questions about their economic and broader policy implications. As a result of Section 232 investigations launched by the Administration, the United States has unilaterally applied new tariffs on steel (25%), aluminum (10%), and potentially auto imports from the EU, Canada, Mexico, China, and other countries. Some countries were exempted, generally based on quota agreements to limit the amount of steel and/or aluminum exports to the United States. The last time a president had taken restrictive trade action under this law was based on a 1983 petition submitted by the U.S. machine tool industry. Since 1994, after the Uruguay Round establish