[20181203]IF11038_美国枪支政策：框架和主要问题.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated December 3, 2018U.S. Gun Policy: Framework and Major IssuesFederal firearms regulation has been a subject of continuous interest for legislators. In recent Congresses, a range of proposals has been introduced, with some seeking to ease various federal firearms restrictions or facilitate reciprocity in state treatment of persons authorized to carry a firearm by another state. Other proposals have sought greater restrictions on the federal rules concerning the possession, transfer or sale of firearms, or the expansion of background checks for firearm purchases. These various approaches, in turn, prompt debate about not only their pros and cons but also their legalities, as Congresss ability to legislate on such matters must comport with the Second Amendment and other constitutional constraints. Federal Statutory Framework Federal laws regulating firearms date back roughly a century, though they became more comprehensive over time. These laws generally serve as a floor for permissible firearm use and transactions, leaving states free to supplement with additional restrictions, so long as they do not conflict with federal law. Two primary federal