[20181217]IF11050_美国对华核出口新政策 .pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov December 17, 2018New U.S. Policy Regarding Nuclear Exports to China Introduction On October 11, 2018, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) announced “measures to prevent Chinas illegal diversion of U.S. civil nuclear technology for military or other unauthorized purposes.” These measures, which took effect immediately, include additional restrictions on U.S.-origin nuclear-related exports to China; such exports require a specific export license or other authorization. Nuclear industry groups have raised concerns about the new policys limits on future access to the Chinese market, though the effect of the new policy on nuclear cooperation is unclear. The United States has extensive nuclear cooperation with China, which is governed by a civil nuclear cooperation agreement renewed in 2015. These agreements are commonly known as “123 agreements” after the relevant section of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954. (For more information, see CRS Report RL33192, U.S.-China Nuclear Cooperation Agreement.) The Trump Administration devised the new policy after a National Security Council-led review of the previous U.S. policy regarding civil nuclear cooperation with Ch