[20190219]IF11110_美国贸易辩论：支持和反对贸易限制的理由.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov February 19, 2019U.S. Trade Debates: The Case For and Against Trade RestrictionsBackground The 116th Congress is positioned for continuing oversight of the Trump Administrations evolving trade policy. Congress role in trade policy stems from a number of overlapping responsibilities, beginning with Article I of the U.S. Constitution, which grants Congress the “power to lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises” and “to “regulate commerce with foreign nations.” In some areas, particularly in tariffs and trade negotiations, Congress has delegated certain authorities to the President. Over the past year, the Trump Administration has made greater use of these authorities to impose tariffs on some U.S. imports and advocate for what it considers to be “free,” “fair,” and “reciprocal” trade. These developments have intensified congressional interest in trade policy and analysis of the impact of trade restrictions, including U.S. tariffs and their effects. Effects of Trade Liberalization Since World War II (WWII), the United States has been a driving force in removing trade barriers across the globe and constructing an open and rules-based global tr