[20201204]IF11662_美国核武器试验.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated December 4, 2020U.S. Nuclear Weapons TestsPress reports in May 2020 indicated that officials in the Trump Administration had discussed whether to conduct an explosive test of a U.S. nuclear weapon. The United States has observed a voluntary moratorium on nuclear explosive testing since 1992, although it has maintained the ability to resume these tests at the Nevada Nuclear Security Site (NNSS). Since 1993, it has used a program known as Science-Based Stockpile Stewardship to maintain confidence in the safety, security, and effectiveness of its nuclear arsenal. Limits on U.S. Nuclear Tests By its own count, the United States conducted 1,054 explosive nuclear tests between 1945 and 1992. In 1992, Congress passed and President George H.W. Bush signed into law the Hatfield-Exon-Mitchell Amendment establishing a temporary and unilateral moratorium on underground testing of U.S. nuclear weapons (P.L. 102-377, 507). The United States has been a party since 1963 to the Limited Test Ban Treaty, under which it is obligated to refrain from conducting nuclear weapons test explosions in the atmosphere, outer space, or under water. The United States is als