[20210315]IF11791_减少温室气体排放：选定的策略选项.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov March 15, 2021Mitigating Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Selected Policy OptionsCongress may consider a range of policy options that could be used to limit or remove human-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the atmosphere, including carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, nitrous oxides, and others. Efforts to reduce net GHG emissionsthe sum of direct emission reductions/removals and permanent sequestrationare under way in other countries and in a number of U.S. states and localities. This In Focus identifies and briefly describes selected policy tools that could reduce net GHG emissions from one or more economic sectors, including electricity, transportation, industry, agriculture, and commercial and residential buildings. Some of the policies described below directly impact emissionsfor example, through a price or regulationwhereas others address emission levels indirectly. The options below are not an exhaustive list of policy tools. GHG Emissions (Carbon) Price Governments may place a price on GHG emissionsoften described as a carbon pricewhich typically involves either a carbon tax (emissions fee) or an emissions cap-and-trade system. Both approaches