[20220406]IF12077_主要问题学说.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov April 6, 2022The Major Questions DoctrineCongress frequently delegates authority to agencies to regulate particular aspects of society, in general or broad terms. However, in a number of decisions, the Supreme Court has declared that if an agency seeks to decide an issue of major national significance, its action must be supported by clear statutory authorization. Courts, commentators, and individual Supreme Court Justices have referred to this doctrine as the major questions doctrine (or major rules doctrine), although the Court has never used that term in a majority opinion. This In Focus provides an overview of the major questions doctrine. It discusses the doctrines framework, provides examples of its application, explores recent Supreme Court developments, and offers considerations for Congress in crafting legislation against the backdrop of the doctrine. Overview Agencies often must interpret statutes that grant them regulatory authority. If challenged, courts may need to review such interpretations to determine if an agency has exceeded its authority, and in doing so, will sometimes defer to an agencys interpretation of an ambiguous statute. U