[20220406]IF10275_台湾地区：政治和安全问题.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated April 6, 2022Taiwan: Political and Security IssuesTaiwan, which officially calls itself the Republic of China (ROC), is a democracy of 23.5 million people located across the Taiwan Strait from mainland China. Its government claims “effective jurisdiction” over the island of Taiwan, the archipelagos of Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu, and some smaller islands. It also claims disputed islands in the East and South China Seas. U.S.-Taiwan relations have been unofficial since January 1, 1979, when the Carter Administration established diplomatic relations with the Peoples Republic of China (PRC, or China) and broke diplomatic ties with self-ruled Taiwan, over which the PRC claims sovereignty. The 1979 Taiwan Relations Act (TRA, P.L. 96-8; 22 U.S.C. 3301 et seq.) provides a legal basis for this unofficial bilateral relationship. See also CRS In Focus IF10256, U.S.-Taiwan Trade Relations. Modern History and Current Events In 1949, after losing a civil war on mainland China to the Communist Party of China (CPC), the ROCs then-ruling party, the Kuomintang (KMT), moved the ROC government to Taiwan. The KMT continued to assert that the ROC was the sole legit