[20220509]IF12043_重型车辆、空气污染和气候变化.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated May 9, 2022Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Air Pollution, and Climate ChangeOn August 5, 2021, the Biden Administration announced plans to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and other air pollutants from medium- and heavy-duty vehicles and engines through a series of rulemakings over three years (Executive Order 14037, “Strengthening American Leadership in Clean Cars and Trucks,” 86 Federal Register 43583). The first rule, to be promulgated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and slated to be finalized in 2022, applies to heavy-duty vehicles starting in model year (MY) 2027. The rule would set new standards for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions for the sector as well as targeted updates to the current GHG emission standards. A second rule, to be promulgated by EPA and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), would set more stringent GHG emission and fuel efficiency standards for new medium- and heavy-duty vehicles and engines beginning with MY2030. Emissions from Heavy-Duty Vehicles The medium- and heavy-duty vehicle and engine sector (defined at 40 C.F.R. 1037 and 49 C.F.R. 523) generally includes tractor-trailers, voc