大国竞争和北极海外基地

POLICY BRIEF|FEBRUARY 2023GREAT POWER COMPETITION AND OVERSEAS BASING IN THE ARCTICJEREMY GREENWOOD1FOREIGN POLICY AT BROOKINGSExecutive summaryThe Arctic remains a sphere of geopolitical compe-tition between the great powers,making basing arrangements a natural part of their strategic plan-ning.With rising global temperatures increasing access to the Arctic Ocean and its natural resources,the United States,Russia,and China all desire guaranteed freedom of movement and protection of their sovereign rights and interests.In addition to investments at home,the United States and other great powers in the Arctic will need to build strategic partnerships that enable beneficial agreements and access rights to bases,particularly for dual-use and civil-military operations.The Arctic is heating upTemperatures,competition,and interest in the Arctic have been heating up at an unprecedented rate over the past decade.Nowhere else in the world does geostrategic competition in the 21st century so clearly overlap with the two other largest challenges facing global society:climate change and economic stability.The Arctic is both a geopolitical hotspot and home for the United States and its NATO alli