[20181123]IF10861_全球人权：多边机构和美国的参与.pdf

https:/crsreports.congress.gov Updated November 23, 2018Global Human Rights: Multilateral Bodies & U.S. ParticipationCongress has guided and shaped the U.S role in the current international human rights architecture, which grew out of the atrocities and destruction of World War II. The United Nations (U.N.) Charter, signed in 1945, included broad expressions of support for human rights and fundamental freedoms. In 1948, the U.N. General Assembly adopted the nonbinding Universal Declaration of Human Rights to define the rights and freedoms to which the Charter referred. Since then, the international community has built on this foundation and developed a more comprehensive array of enumerated human rights and a set of mechanisms meant to protect and promote them. As a chief architect and guarantor of the postwar international order, the United States has at times led these efforts and, on the basis of sovereignty and other concerns, at times stood apart from them. United Nations Bodies Numerous U.N. bodies have specific mandates to deal with human rights issues. These bodies are divided into charter-based and treaty-based bodies: charter-based bodies are derived from the U.N. Charte